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ۼ : 06-10-31 16:47
linux /proc
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ȸ : 7,606  

/proc Ͻý Ź Ư¡ ϳ̴. ̸ ӽ ʰ OS κе ִ.
ſ ߿ ý ̶ Ÿ(uptime) ġ ȴ. ϸ ٿŸ(downtime) ڵκ Ե ̴. н ϴ ϳ н ŷڼ ̴. ȴٸ ʿ ȴ. Դٰ · ϸ鼭 Ŀ ۾ ִ. ϵ ׷̵ϱ ý ؾ ϰų ڵ带 Ǽ ִٸ 񽺿 ظ ʰ ۾ ϴ ˾Ƶδ .


ۿ پ ۾ ϰ ý ִ ҰǾ ִ. ý · Ų ä ϴ پ Ѵ.


Note: ڷ 2.4 Ŀ ̴. Ϻ ɼǰ ٸ Ŀ ٸ ִ.


Ŀ Ű ϱ


ý Ŀ/ý ʿ ڵ Ŀ ִ Ѵ. ̴ /proc ̶ ϴ Ͻý ȴ. Linux Gazette /proc ϰ ۷ Ѵ. (ڷ) ⺻ /proc Ͻý Ŀ ִ ð Ѵ. ̴ ս ϰ ý ߰ϸ ý  Ǿ ľϰ ϴ. ̷ Ͻý Ͻý(virtual filesystem)̶ Ѵ. Ͻý ƴϱ ̴. ̰ Ϲ Ͻý ġ Ŀο Ǿ ̿ ׼ ְ Ѵ.


ý Ŀ Ű ϴ ִٴ Ŀ 濡 ý ڵ鿡 شٰ ִ. ̷ Ϻ Ŀ ڵ鿡 ִ ̾. ʹ ũ ? ׷. /proc Ͻýۿ ִ ΰ Ѵٸ Ϸ ̰ ýۿ ĥ ⿡ ݵ ˾ƾѴ. ̵ ߸ ൿ ġ ʴ ִ. ̷ ۾ ó̰ų Ȯ Ѵٸ ߿ ʴ ӽſ ϱ ٶ.


 ΰ?


켱 Ŀο ʴ غ. /proc Ͻý ٷ پ ؽƮ Ϳ ִ ϰ ϸ ȵ ߿ ִ:


Ἲ: ϵ ý Ÿ ְ Ŀ ̵  ̶ ֱ ý ͸ ͸ ͸ Ѵٸ Ѵٰ ص Ŀ ϴ Ͱ ٸ ִ.
: ϵ ϴ ƴϴ. Ͱ  ȭ ְڴ°?


̷ ϵ ͸ ʴ ̴. /proc Ͻýۿ ִ echo ɾ ϰ ࿡ ƿDz /proc õ Ͽ ̷Ʈ ؾѴ:


echo "Your-New-Kernel-Value" > /proc/your/file


̿ ϰ /proc ʹٸ ° ɾ ϰų cat ɾ Ѵ.


ΰ?


/proc ϱ Ŀ Ŀ ʿ䰡 . Ͻý ⺻ ظε ȴ.


/proc ִ ϵ ſ Ư ѵ Ҵ޾Ұ Ư ̵ ȴ. ̴ ſ ϰ Ǿ Ȯ ڿ ڵ鿡 ֵ Ѵ. Ư Ͽ  ϴ ߴ:


Read-only: ڰ : ý Ÿµ .
Root-write: /proc Ⱑ ϴٸ, Ʈ(root) ڸ .
Root-read: Ϲ ý ڴ Ʈ ڸ ִ .
Other: 찡 ͵ ִ.


/proc ſ Ϲȭ /proc/sys 丮 ϰ κ б ̶ ˰ ̴. 丮 κ Ŀ Ű ý Ǵ ǵ Ǿ.


Making changes


/proc Ͽ Ȯ ۿ ٷ ʰڴ. ۿ ٷ /proc Ͽ ڼ , ֻ ҽ Ŀ ҽ ü ̴. ſ Ǹ ԵǾ ִ. /proc ִ ϵ ý ڵ鿡 ϴ.


/proc/scsi


ý ڷμ θ ϳ̴. 밡 ֽ(hot-swap) ̺갡 ý ʰ ũ ߰ϴ ̴. /proc ʰ, ̺긦 ý ο ũ νϵ Ϸ ؾ Ѵ. ɾ ο ̺긦 ý νϵ ִ:


echo "scsi add-single-device w x y z" > /proc/scsi/scsi


ɾ ùٸ ۵ϵ Ϸ Ű w, x, y, z Ȯ ؾѴ:


w ù ° Ͱ 0 ȣƮ ID ̴.
x ù ° ä 0 ȣƮ SCSI ä̴.
y ̽ SCSI ID ̴.
z ù ° LUN 0 LUN ѹ̴.


ũ ýۿ ߰Ǹ ˵ Ͻý۵ Ʈϰų ִ. ũ  ̽ Ȯϰų ϴ Ƽ ϰ ʹٸ fdisk -l ɾ ϸ ȴ.


ٲ ϸ ʿ ýۿ ̽ ϴ ɾ :


echo "scsi remove-single-device w x y z" > /proc/scsi/scsi


ɾ Էϰ ýۿ ֽ SCSI ũ ϱ ũ Ͻý 𸶿ƮѴ.


/proc/sys/fs/


/proc/sys/fs/file-max
̰ Ҵ ִ ִ ڵ Ѵ. ִ Ǿ ̻ ٴ ޽ ڰ ޴´ٸ ÷Ѵ. ְ Ͽ ο ۼϿ ִ.


⺻ : 4096


/proc/sys/fs/file-nr
file-max ְ ϰ ִ:


Ҵ ڵ
ڵ
ִ ڵ
б ̸ ޸ Ѵ.


/proc/sys/fs/inode-*
"inode" ̸ ϴ "file" ϴ ϰ ۵ , ڵ inode õ ۵ Ѵ.


/proc/sys/fs/overflowuid & /proc/sys/fs/overflowgid
̰ 16 Ʈ ڿ ׷ ID ϴ Ͻýۿ User ID (UID) Group ID (GID) ִ. ϸ ׷ н Ʈ ϴ .


⺻ : 65534


/proc/sys/fs/super-max
̰ ڵ鷯 ִ Ѵ. Ʈ Ͻý Ͽ Ͻý۵ Ʈϴ ֵ ִ.


⺻ : 256


/proc/sys/fs/super-nr
Ҵ ̴. б ̸ ޸ Ѵ.


/proc/sys/kernel


/proc/sys/kernel/acct
μ ī α׸ ϰ ִ Ͻý ؼ ߻ 츦 ϴ ִ:


ϰ Ǹ μ ī .
̻ Ǹ μ ī ۵ȴ.
ٸ ˻Ǵ (ʴ) 󵵼.
Ͽ Ϸ ̽ и Ʈ echo ؾѴ.


⺻ : 2 4 30


α׸ ϰ ִ Ͻý 2% ̸̶ ī . ׸ 4% ̻ ̶ ٽ Ѵ. ˻ 30 ̷.


/proc/sys/kernel/ctrl-alt-del
ý ctrl+alt+delete Ű  ϴ ϴ ̳ʸ ִ. Ÿ:


0 ctrl+alt+delete Ʈ(trap)Ǿ init α׷ ǹѴ. ˴ٿ ɾ Է ó ý ϰ ϵ Ѵ.
1 ctrl+alt+delete Ʈ ʰ  ˴ٿ ǹѴ. Ͱ ġ̴.


⺻ : 0


/proc/sys/kernel/domainname
̸ Ͽ Ʈũ ̸ ִ. ⺻ ̹ Ǿ ƴ ִ.


/proc/sys/kernel/hostname
⺻ ̹ Ǿ ƴ ִ. Ʈũ ȣƮ ̸ ִ.


/proc/sys/kernel/msgmax
̰ ϳ μ ٸ μ ִ ִ ޽  Ѵ.


⺻ : 8192


/proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb
ϳ ޽ ť ִ Ʈ Ѵ.


⺻ : 16384


/proc/sys/kernel/msgmni
ִ ޽ ť ĺ Ѵ.


⺻ : 16


/proc/sys/kernel/panic
"Ŀ д" DZ Ŀ ٷ ð Ÿ. 0 Ŀ д .


⺻ : 0


/proc/sys/kernel/printk
߿伺 ؼ α ޽ ۵ ϴ ִ:


Console Log Level: 켱 ޽ ֿܼ Ʈȴ.
Default Message Log Level: 켱 ޽ 켱 Ʈȴ.
Minimum Console Log Level: Console Log Level ִ ּ( 켱) .
Default Console Log Level: Console Log Level ⺻ .


⺻ : 6 4 1 7


/proc/sys/kernel/shmall
־ ýۿ ִ ޸ (Ʈ) .


⺻ : 2097152


/proc/sys/kernel/shmax
Ŀο ִ ޸ ׸Ʈ (Ʈ) Ѵ.


⺻ : 33554432


/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
ü ý ִ ޸ ׸Ʈ .


⺻ : 4096


/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
0 ƴ System Request Key ȰȭѴ.


⺻ : 0


/proc/sys/kernel/threads-max
Ŀο ִ ִ .


⺻ : 2048


/proc/sys/net


/proc/sys/net/core/message_burst
ο ޽ ۼϴµ ʿ ð (1/10 ); ð ٸ ޽ ȴ. ý ޽ ij Ϸ "Denial of Service" ϴµ ȴ.


⺻ : 50 (5)


/proc/sys/net/core/message_cost
޽ õ ϰ ִ. ޽ õȴ.


⺻ : 5


/proc/sys/net/core/netdev_max_backlog
̽ Ŀ ó ִ ͺ Ŷ ޾ ť ִ Ŷ Ѵ.


⺻ : 300


/proc/sys/net/core/optmem_max
Ҵ ִ  Ѵ.


/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
⺻ (Ʈ) ̴.


/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
ִ (Ʈ) ̴.


/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
۽ ⺻ (Ʈ) ̴.


/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
۽ ִ (Ʈ) ̴.


/proc/sys/net/ipv4
IPv4 IPv6 Ű Ŀ ҽ ȭǾ. /usr/src/linux/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt ϱ ٶ.


/proc/sys/net/ipv6
IPv4 .


/proc/sys/vm


/proc/sys/vm/buffermem
޸𸮿 ý ޸(ۼƮ) Ѵ. Ͽ и Ʈ ۼϿ ִ ִ:


ۿ ּ ޸ .
ִ ý ޸𸮰 ý ޸𸮰 ý ޸𸮸 Ϸ Ѵ.
ۿ ִ ޸ .


⺻ : 2 10 60


/proc/sys/vm/freepages
ý ٸ ޸𸮿  Ѵ. и Ʈ Ͽ ۼϿ ִ ִ:


ýۿ ִ ּ Ѱ迡 ٴٶٸ Ŀο ޸𸮸 Ҵϵ ȴ.
ýۿ ִ Ѱ Ŀ ޸𸮷 ϸ ý ս Ѵ.
Ŀ ý ޸𸮸 · ̴. Ŀ ۵ȴ.


⺻ : 512 768 1024


/proc/sys/vm/kswapd
Ŀ ޸𸮸 ϵ  Ѵ. и Ʈ Ͽ ۼϿ ִ ִ:


Ŀ ѹ ִ . 뿪 ø ڸ ø.
ҿ Ŀ ϴ ִ ð.
ҿ Ŀ ۼ ִ . ̰ ý ս ū ģ. Ŭ ʹ ũ ˻ Ǵ ð پ. ʹ ũ ý ս ȿ ´.


⺻ : 512 32 8


/proc/sys/vm/pagecache
/proc/sys/vm/buffermem ۾ ޸ ΰ Ϲ ij ۵Ѵ.



 



 
 


 


Ŀ


/proc/sys 丮  Ŀ Ű ֵ ƿƼ ִ. ̸ Ͽ Ŀ ý Ʈ Ǵ ִ. ̰ Ŀ ϰ ׵ Ͽ ߰ ý Ŀ  ̶ ְ ȴ.


ƿƼ sysctl ̶ ϸ sysctl(8) ȭ Ǿ ִ. sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf̸ ִ. sysctl.conf(8) ȭǾ ִ. Sysctl /proc/sys ؿ ִ ϵ ִ Ѵ. , , ýۿ ִ ڵ Ÿ /proc/sys /proc/sys/fs/file-max fs.file-max Ÿ.


sysctl ǥ⿡ ̻ 巯. sysctl can only change variables under the /proc/sys 丮 ؿ ִ ֱ ̸ Ϻδ 丮 ؿ ִ Ǵ μ õȴ. 丮 и(, /) ħǥ(.) Ǿ.


/proc/sys ִ ϵ sysctl ȯ Ǵ Ģ ִ:


ۺ /proc/sys Ѵ.
̸ ø ħǥ ٲ۴.


Ģ /proc/sys ִ ̸ sysctl ̸ ٲ ִ. ȯ Ϲ :


/proc/sys/dir/file --> dir.file
dir1.dir2.file --> /proc/sys/dir1/dir2/file


ִ ְ ̿ Ͽ sysctl -a ɾ Ͽ ׵ ִ.


sysctl Ͽ ִµ ̴ echo ޼ҵ ۾ Ѵ:


sysctl -w dir.file="value"


file-max ٽ Ͽ, ޼ҵ ϳ Ͽ 16384 ִ:


sysctl -w fs.file-max="16384"


Ǵ:


echo "16384" > /proc/sys/fs/file-max


sysctl ϶. ϵ ܵξ. Ŀ Ӽְ Ϸ ϶.


Note: sysctl ϴ ƴϴ. ̴ Ư ý ̸, ý ǵ Ϸ ڿ ̷Ʈ ޼ҵ带 Ͽ ũƮ ɾ ߰Ѵ.



 



 
 


 


ý ɾ


ý Ǵ ٸ Ŀ ý Ű ϰ ʿ ȿų ִ. ̵ ַ , , зǸ /etc/init.d 丮 ִ. 丮 õ ִ ũƮ ⿡ پ ٷ⿣ Ұϴ. Ʒ /etc/init.d ũƮ پ ǿ  ۵ ִ ϰ ִ. ʿ ε带 ϴ ̴:


Apache ε
ʴ inetd α
Ʈũ
NFS ο Ͻý
ȭ /


켱, ý 񽺸 ϴ Ϲ /etc/init.d ִ ũƮ ؼ̴. ũƮ Ű Ͽ ׵ 񽺸 Ѵ. ȿ ۵ Ű ũƮ ̸ Է ִ. Ϲ Ű :


start:
stop: Ǵ
restart: . Ǵ
reload: ä ε
status: θ Ÿ ƿDz


ɾ ʰ xinetd ε Ѵ:


/etc/init.d/xinetd reload


Red Hat service ɾ ϴµ ̴ 񽺸 Ѵ. service ɾ ũƮ ̸ Ÿ Ѵ. ý :


service script-name [parameter]


:


service xinetd reload


SuSE rc ɾ Ѵ. ̴ ɾ ϴ. ɾ ũƮ ̸ ̿ :


rc{script-name} parameter


:


rcapache start


[ - http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/kr/library/l-adfly.html]


 
 

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2006/12/19 6373
45 ý ý Ǵ ޽
2006/11/27 6150
44 ý ͸ II
2006/11/23 10233
43 ý ͸
2006/11/23 7556
42 ߰ unable to lock password file ϴ.
2006/11/23 4312
41
2006/11/23 7943
40 LAN ī尡
2006/11/23 4634
39 linux /proc
2006/10/31 7607
38 disk to disk ũ ( dump & restore )
2006/09/20 9686
37 linux
2006/09/05 18607
36 insmod modprobe []
2006/08/14 17962
35 [] ..⺻
2006/08/14 11395
34 Ʈ - route
2006/08/11 4079
33 kernel panic --- no init found
2006/08/04 7346
32 Red Hat Linux ϵ
2006/08/04 6101
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