/proc Ͻý Ź Ư¡ ϳ̴. ̸ ӽ ʰ OS κе ִ.
ſ ߿ ý ̶ Ÿ(uptime) ġ ȴ. ϸ ٿŸ(downtime) ڵκ Ե ̴. н ϴ ϳ н ŷڼ ̴. ȴٸ ʿ ȴ. Դٰ · ϸ鼭 Ŀ ۾ ִ. ϵ ̵ϱ ý ؾ ϰų ڵ带 Ǽ ִٸ ظ ʰ ۾ ϴ ˾Ƶδ .
ۿ پ ۾ ϰ ý ִ ҰǾ ִ. ý · Ų ä ϴ پ Ѵ.
Note: ڷ 2.4 Ŀ ̴. Ϻ ɼǰ ٸ Ŀ ٸ ִ.
Ŀ Ű ϱ
ý Ŀ/ý ʿ ڵ Ŀ ִ Ѵ. ̴ /proc ̶ ϴ Ͻý ȴ. Linux Gazette /proc ϰ ۷ Ѵ. (ڷ) ⺻ /proc Ͻý Ŀ ִ ð Ѵ. ̴ ս ϰ ý ߰ϸ ý Ǿ ľϰ ϴ. ̷ Ͻý Ͻý(virtual filesystem)̶ Ѵ. Ͻý ƴϱ ̴. ̰ Ϲ Ͻý ġ Ŀο Ǿ ̿ ְ Ѵ.
ý Ŀ Ű ϴ ִٴ Ŀ 濡 ý ڵ鿡 شٰ ִ. ̷ Ϻ Ŀ ڵ鿡 ִ ̾. ʹ ũ ? . /proc Ͻýۿ ִ ΰ Ѵٸ Ϸ ̰ ýۿ ĥ ݵ ˾ƾѴ. ̵ ߸ ൿ ġ ʴ ִ. ̷ ۾ ó̰ų Ȯ Ѵٸ ߿ ʴ ӽſ ϱ ٶ.
ΰ?
켱 Ŀο ʴ غ. /proc Ͻý ٷ پ ؽƮ Ϳ ִ ϰ ϸ ȵ ߿ ִ:
Ἲ: ϵ ý Ÿ ְ Ŀ ̵ ̶ ֱ ý Ѵٸ Ѵٰ ص Ŀ ϴ Ͱ ٸ ִ.
: ϵ ϴ ƴϴ. Ͱ ȭ ְڴ°?
̷ ϵ ʴ ̴. /proc Ͻýۿ ִ echo ɾ ϰ ƿDz /proc õ Ͽ ̷Ʈ ؾѴ:
echo "Your-New-Kernel-Value" > /proc/your/file
̿ ϰ /proc ʹٸ ° ɾ ϰų cat ɾ Ѵ.
ΰ?
/proc ϱ Ŀ Ŀ ʿ䰡 . Ͻý ⺻ ظε ȴ.
/proc ִ ϵ ſ Ư ѵ ҴҰ Ư ̵ ȴ. ̴ ſ ϰ Ǿ Ȯ ڿ ڵ鿡 ֵ Ѵ. Ư Ͽ ϴ ߴ:
Read-only: ڰ : ý Ÿµ .
Root-write: /proc Ⱑ ϴٸ, Ʈ(root) ڸ .
Root-read: Ϲ ý ڴ Ʈ ڸ ִ .
Other: 찡 ͵ ִ.
/proc ſ Ϲȭ /proc/sys 丮 ϰ κ б ̶ ˰ ̴. 丮 κ Ŀ Ű ý Ǵ ǵ Ǿ.
Making changes
/proc Ͽ Ȯ ۿ ٷ ʰڴ. ۿ ٷ /proc Ͽ ڼ , ֻ ҽ Ŀ ҽ ü ̴. ſ Ǹ ԵǾ ִ. /proc ִ ϵ ý ڵ鿡 ϴ.
/proc/scsi
ý ڷμ θ ϳ̴. 밡 ֽ(hot-swap) ̺갡 ý ʰ ũ ߰ϴ ̴. /proc ʰ, ̺긦 ý ο ũ νϵ Ϸ ؾ Ѵ. ɾ ο ̺긦 ý νϵ ִ:
echo "scsi add-single-device w x y z" > /proc/scsi/scsi
ɾ ùٸ ۵ϵ Ϸ Ű w, x, y, z Ȯ ؾѴ:
w ù ° Ͱ 0 ȣƮ ID ̴.
x ù ° ä 0 ȣƮ SCSI ä̴.
y ̽ SCSI ID ̴.
z ù ° LUN 0 LUN ѹ̴.
ũ ýۿ ߰Ǹ ˵ Ͻý۵ Ʈϰų ִ. ũ ̽ Ȯϰų ϴ Ƽ ϰ ʹٸ fdisk -l ɾ ϸ ȴ.
ٲ ϸ ʿ ýۿ ̽ ϴ ɾ :
echo "scsi remove-single-device w x y z" > /proc/scsi/scsi
ɾ Էϰ ýۿ ֽ SCSI ũ ϱ ũ Ͻý ƮѴ.
/proc/sys/fs/
/proc/sys/fs/file-max
̰ Ҵ ִ ִ ڵ Ѵ. ִ Ǿ ̻ ٴ ڰ ´ٸ ÷Ѵ. ְ Ͽ ο ۼϿ ִ.
⺻ : 4096
/proc/sys/fs/file-nr
file-max ְ ϰ ִ:
Ҵ ڵ
ڵ
ִ ڵ
б ̸ Ѵ.
/proc/sys/fs/inode-*
"inode" ̸ ϴ "file" ϴ ϰ ۵ , ڵ inode õ ۵ Ѵ.
/proc/sys/fs/overflowuid & /proc/sys/fs/overflowgid
̰ 16 Ʈ ڿ ID ϴ Ͻýۿ User ID (UID) Group ID (GID) ִ. ϸ н Ʈ ϴ .
⺻ : 65534
/proc/sys/fs/super-max
̰ ڵ鷯 ִ Ѵ. Ʈ Ͻý Ͽ Ͻý۵ Ʈϴ ֵ ִ.
⺻ : 256
/proc/sys/fs/super-nr
Ҵ ̴. б ̸ Ѵ.
/proc/sys/kernel
/proc/sys/kernel/acct
μ ī α ϰ ִ Ͻý ؼ 츦 ϴ ִ:
ϰ Ǹ μ ī .
̻ Ǹ μ ī ۵ȴ.
ٸ ˻Ǵ (ʴ) .
Ͽ Ϸ ̽ и Ʈ echo ؾѴ.
⺻ : 2 4 30
α ϰ ִ Ͻý 2% ̸̶ ī . 4% ̻ ̶ ٽ Ѵ. ˻ 30 ̷.
/proc/sys/kernel/ctrl-alt-del
ý ctrl+alt+delete Ű ϴ ϴ ̳ʸ ִ. Ÿ:
0 ctrl+alt+delete Ʈ(trap)Ǿ init α ǹѴ. ˴ٿ ɾ Է ó ý ϰ ϵ Ѵ.
1 ctrl+alt+delete Ʈ ʰ ˴ٿ ǹѴ. Ͱ ġ̴.
⺻ : 0
/proc/sys/kernel/domainname
̸ Ͽ Ʈũ ̸ ִ. ⺻ ̹ Ǿ ƴ ִ.
/proc/sys/kernel/hostname
⺻ ̹ Ǿ ƴ ִ. Ʈũ ȣƮ ̸ ִ.
/proc/sys/kernel/msgmax
̰ ϳ μ ٸ μ ִ ִ Ѵ.
⺻ : 8192
/proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb
ϳ ť ִ Ʈ Ѵ.
⺻ : 16384
/proc/sys/kernel/msgmni
ִ ť ĺ Ѵ.
⺻ : 16
/proc/sys/kernel/panic
"Ŀ д" DZ Ŀ ٷ ð Ÿ. 0 Ŀ д .
⺻ : 0
/proc/sys/kernel/printk
߿伺 ؼ α ۵ ϴ ִ:
Console Log Level: 켱 ֿܼ Ʈȴ.
Default Message Log Level: 켱 켱 Ʈȴ.
Minimum Console Log Level: Console Log Level ִ ּ( 켱) .
Default Console Log Level: Console Log Level ⺻ .
⺻ : 6 4 1 7
/proc/sys/kernel/shmall
־ ýۿ ִ (Ʈ) .
⺻ : 2097152
/proc/sys/kernel/shmax
Ŀο ִ Ʈ (Ʈ) Ѵ.
⺻ : 33554432
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
ü ý ִ Ʈ .
⺻ : 4096
/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
0 ƴ System Request Key ȰȭѴ.
⺻ : 0
/proc/sys/kernel/threads-max
Ŀο ִ ִ .
⺻ : 2048
/proc/sys/net
/proc/sys/net/core/message_burst
ο ۼϴµ ʿ ð (1/10 ); ð ٸ ȴ. ý ij Ϸ "Denial of Service" ϴµ ȴ.
⺻ : 50 (5)
/proc/sys/net/core/message_cost
õ ϰ ִ. õȴ.
⺻ : 5
/proc/sys/net/core/netdev_max_backlog
̽ Ŀ ó ִ ͺ Ŷ ť ִ Ŷ Ѵ.
⺻ : 300
/proc/sys/net/core/optmem_max
Ҵ ִ Ѵ.
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
⺻ (Ʈ) ̴.
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
ִ (Ʈ) ̴.
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
۽ ⺻ (Ʈ) ̴.
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
۽ ִ (Ʈ) ̴.
/proc/sys/net/ipv4
IPv4 IPv6 Ű Ŀ ҽ ȭǾ. /usr/src/linux/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt ϱ ٶ.
/proc/sys/net/ipv6
IPv4 .
/proc/sys/vm
/proc/sys/vm/buffermem
ý (ۼƮ) Ѵ. Ͽ и Ʈ ۼϿ ִ ִ:
ۿ ּ .
ִ ý ý ý Ϸ Ѵ.
ۿ ִ .
⺻ : 2 10 60
/proc/sys/vm/freepages
ý ٸ Ѵ. и Ʈ Ͽ ۼϿ ִ ִ:
ýۿ ִ ּ Ѱ迡 ٴٶٸ Ŀο Ҵϵ ȴ.
ýۿ ִ Ѱ Ŀ ϸ ý ս Ѵ.
Ŀ ý · ̴. Ŀ ۵ȴ.
⺻ : 512 768 1024
/proc/sys/vm/kswapd
Ŀ ϵ Ѵ. и Ʈ Ͽ ۼϿ ִ ִ:
Ŀ ѹ ִ . 뿪 ø ڸ ø.
ҿ Ŀ ϴ ִ ð.
ҿ Ŀ ۼ ִ . ̰ ý ս ū ģ. Ŭ ʹ ũ ˻ Ǵ ð پ. ʹ ũ ý ս ȿ ´.
⺻ : 512 32 8
/proc/sys/vm/pagecache
/proc/sys/vm/buffermem ۾ ΰ Ϲ ij ۵Ѵ.
Ŀ
/proc/sys 丮 Ŀ Ű ֵ ƿƼ ִ. ̸ Ͽ Ŀ ý Ʈ Ǵ ִ. ̰ Ŀ ϰ Ͽ ߰ ý Ŀ ̶ ְ ȴ.
ƿƼ sysctl ̶ ϸ sysctl(8) ȭ Ǿ ִ. sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf̸ ִ. sysctl.conf(8) ȭǾ ִ. Sysctl /proc/sys ؿ ִ ϵ ִ Ѵ. , , ýۿ ִ ڵ Ÿ /proc/sys /proc/sys/fs/file-max fs.file-max Ÿ.
sysctl ǥ ̻ 巯. sysctl can only change variables under the /proc/sys 丮 ؿ ִ ֱ ̸ Ϻδ 丮 ؿ ִ Ǵ μ õȴ. 丮 и(, /) ħǥ(.) Ǿ.
/proc/sys ִ ϵ sysctl ȯ Ǵ Ģ ִ:
ۺ /proc/sys Ѵ.
̸ ø ħǥ ٲ۴.
Ģ /proc/sys ִ ̸ sysctl ̸ ٲ ִ. ȯ Ϲ :
/proc/sys/dir/file --> dir.file
dir1.dir2.file --> /proc/sys/dir1/dir2/file
ִ ְ ̿ Ͽ sysctl -a ɾ Ͽ ִ.
sysctl Ͽ ִµ ̴ echo ҵ ۾ Ѵ:
sysctl -w dir.file="value"
file-max ٽ Ͽ, ҵ ϳ Ͽ 16384 ִ:
sysctl -w fs.file-max="16384"
Ǵ:
echo "16384" > /proc/sys/fs/file-max
sysctl ϶. ϵ ܵξ. Ŀ Ӽְ Ϸ ϶.
Note: sysctl ϴ ƴϴ. ̴ Ư ý ̸, ý ǵ Ϸ ڿ ̷Ʈ ҵ带 Ͽ ũƮ ɾ ߰Ѵ.
ý ɾ
ý Ǵ ٸ Ŀ ý Ű ϰ ʿ ȿų ִ. ̵ ַ , , зǸ /etc/init.d 丮 ִ. 丮 õ ִ ũƮ پ ٷ Ұϴ. Ʒ /etc/init.d ũƮ پ ǿ ۵ ִ ϰ ִ. ʿ ε带 ϴ ̴:
Apache ε
ʴ inetd α
Ʈũ
NFS ο Ͻý
ȭ /
켱, ý ϴ Ϲ /etc/init.d ִ ũƮ ؼ̴. ũƮ Ű Ͽ Ѵ. ȿ ۵ Ű ũƮ ̸ Է ִ. Ϲ Ű :
start:
stop: Ǵ
restart: . Ǵ
reload: ä ε
status: θ Ÿ ƿDz
ɾ ʰ xinetd ε Ѵ:
/etc/init.d/xinetd reload
Red Hat service ɾ ϴµ ̴ Ѵ. service ɾ ũƮ ̸ Ÿ Ѵ. ý :
service script-name [parameter]
:
service xinetd reload
SuSE rc ɾ Ѵ. ̴ ɾ ϴ. ɾ ũƮ ̸ ̿ :
rc{script-name} parameter
:
rcapache start
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